------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Copyright : (c) Hans Hoglund 2012 -- -- License : BSD-style -- -- Maintainer : hans@hanshoglund.se -- Stability : experimental -- Portability : portable -- -- Provides abstract musical articulations. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- module Music.Articulation ( Articulation, ) where import Data.Maybe import Data.Either import Data.Semigroup import Control.Monad import Control.Applicative import Data.Monoid.Average type Articulation = (Average Double, Average Double) {- References Keller: Phrasing and Articulation: A Contribution to a Rhetoric of Music Keller distinguishes between articulation and phrasing: - Phrasing is related to the structure or grammar of the music, how hierarchical relationsship emerges. - Articulation is "everything else", the individual interpretation of the melodic line. - Keller consider phrasing objective. (It is at least non-deterministic!) http://www.speech.kth.se/publications/masterprojects/2004/Jerkert.pdf - Articulation is a *local* alteration of other properties - There are multiple interacting hierarchical relationships - Articulation has to do with *emphasis*: alteration of properties leads to more or less emphasis (compare Laws of Perception) - Most common: - Time - "articulation ratio", i.e. duration/IOI - "relative IOI", i.e. prolongation of a note - Dynamics - fp/sharp attacks etc (i.e. in wind, string) - Relative level (i.e. in piano music) - Pitch - Vibrato, local adjustments (i.e. brighter notes) - Timbre - Dryness/spectral richness (i.e. more overtones) http://www.jbiomech.com/article/S0021-9290%2898%2900113-4/abstract -} {- From music21: Accent Bowing BrassIndication BreathMark Caesura DetachedLegato Doit DoubleTongue DownBow DynamicArticulation Falloff FretBend FretIndication FretTap FrettedPluck HammerOn Harmonic HarpFingerNails HarpIndication IndeterminantSlide LengthArticulation NailPizzicato OpenString OrganHeel OrganIndication OrganToe PitchArticulation Pizzicato Plop PullOff Scoop SnapPizzicato Spiccato Staccatissimo Staccato Stopped Stress StringFingering StringHarmonic StringIndication StringThumbPosition StrongAccent TechnicalIndication Tenuto TimbreArticulation TonguingIndication TripleTongue Unstress UpBow WindIndication WoodwindIndication ---------------- Stress Unstress Accent StrongAccent Tenuto Spiccato Staccato Staccatissimo Harmonic OpenString Stopped HammerOn PullOff OrganIndication OrganHeel OrganToe UpBow DownBow DetachedLegato (laisser vibrer) IndeterminantSlide Doit (grace?) Falloff? StringFingering HarpFingerNails NailPizzicato Pizzicato SnapPizzicato Bowing? TonguingIndication DoubleTongue TripleTongue HarpIndication FretIndication FrettedPluck FretTap LengthArticulation StringIndication StringThumbPosition Plop Scoop FretBend WindIndication BrassIndication WoodwindIndication TechnicalIndication TimbreArticulation BreathMark Caesura -}